Low agricultural produces mean direct impact on the GDP of a country. Soil degradation, defined as lowering and losing of soil functions, is becoming more and more serious worldwide in recent decades, and poses a … If for any reason the quality of soil decreases then it is called degradation of soil. Methylene blue dye (MBD) (CI No. Photovoltaic (PV) plants typically suffer from a significant degradation in performance over time due to multiple factors. Bingfang Wu. Soil contamination or soil pollution can occur either because of human activities or because of natural processes. Definition: Soil degradation can be defined as the decline in soil fertility, when the nutritional status declines and depth of the soil goes down due to erosion and misuse. Soil. The extent of depth classes which affect crop growth are shown in Table 11.2. A further 20% or so are soils of a tropical or subtropical character: Ferralsols (10%), Plinthosols (5%), Lixisols (4%) and Nitisols (2%). Question 2 Microorganisms ajnd certain other organisms help … Soil degradation is a worldwide problem, and it is understood as “a change in the soil health status resulting in a diminished capacity of the ecosystem to provide goods and services for its beneficiaries. All pertinent class information is in Microsoft Teams USE GOOGLE CHROME TO OPEN THE GOOGLE DOCS AND DRIVE Home ; Senior Geography; Class Information ; Academic honesty, Making Bibliographies and In Text Citations; Johnston Heights Personal Project; Appropriate Research Guidelines; Johnston Heights Neighbourhood Map; Monday, November 19, 2018. Mismanagement of arable areas by farmers and grazing areas by livestock owners is one of the major causes of soil degradation. parcel of land without causing degradation to the land and soil at the site and to the off-site environment. All the polymers were found to be degradable in soil. Sustainable crop production is threatened by excessive runoff, leaching, and flooding, which results in soil erosion, degraded water quality in lakes and streams, and damage to rural community infrastructure. Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Class 8 MCQs Questions with Answers. Name the soil type which is widely found in Western Rajasthan. From: Soil Mapping and Process Modeling for Sustainable Land Use Management, 2017. Pseudomonas showed 80–92% degradation of 100 mg K −1 in sterile soil in presence of glucose. Here, we assembled a comprehensive dataset covering European, Russian and Canadian peatlands and introduced soil bulk density (BD) as a proxy for peat degradation … It defined as the decline in soil fertility, when the nutritional status declines and depth of the soil goes down due to erosion and misuse. TABLE 11. The processes of soil degradation are the mechanisms responsible for the decline in soil quality (Fig. Yuan Zeng. Geography Chapter 4 2. Among the soil factors, the amount of total nitrogen in soil showed a correlation with the degradation of the polymers at various sampling times. However, peat degradation has not been explicitly accounted for when estimating national greenhouse gas inventories. iii. Soil compaction, low organic matter, loss of soil structure, poor internal drainage, salinisation and soil acidity problems are other serious soil degradation conditions that can accelerate the soil erosion process. (e.g., Grohs 1994). 52015) is a heterocyclic aromatic chemical compound with the molecular formula of C 16 H 18 N 3 SCl and molecular weight of 319.85 g/mol. Hierarchy of lithology 18 13. 70% of agricultural land suited for raising livestock or crops is already degraded in Africa (FAO, 2011). [2014] Ans : Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha. Summary. Human beings perform all the activities on the environment like the construction of building, houses, bridges, industries etc. The biotic material comes from _____. Soil Degradation. It occurs when the pollutants causing the pollution reduce the quality of the soil and convert the soil inhabitable for microorganisms and macro organisms living in the soil. a process that results in the partial loss by soil of previously accumulated organic matter, exchangeable alkaline-earth cations, and the clayey fraction. Sustaining the Global Farm. LAND DEGRADATION : Soil quality decline is one of the main causes of land degradation and it considered to be responsible for 84% of the every diminishing acres (FAO, 2011). Land degradation considers as a phenomena or more that decrease the current and/or the potential soil capability to produce goods. It is important to notice that over 60% of the soil types represent hot, arid or immature soil assemblages: Arenosols (22%), Leptosols (17%), Cambisols (11%), Calcisols (6%), Regosols (2%) and Solonchaks/Solonetz (2%). This Factsheet looks at the causes and effects of water, wind and tillage erosion on agricultural land. Soil degradation in England has been estimated to have cost the economy at least £150M–£250M each year (HMG, 2011b). A large number of enzymes from bacteria, fungi, and plants have been reported to be involved in the biodegradation of toxic organic pollutants. MCPA has been extensively used in agriculture to control broad-leaf weeds as a growth regulator primarily in pasture and cereal crops field since 1945. Alluvial Soils. The model does not account for dilution of the contaminant during transport through the unsaturated soil zone or chemical degradation. This would turn fertile lands into uncultivable, barren lands. The soil erosion in the hilly areas can be controlled by taking steps as mentioned below : These are the Soils class 11 Notes Geography prepared by team of expert teachers. The revision notes help you revise the whole chapter in minutes. Revising notes in exam days is on of the best tips recommended by teachers during exam days. Soil is the mixture of rock debris and organic materials which develop on the earth’s surface. 1. Environmental Degradation and its Conservation Introduction. Depolymerization of oligomer lignin from hardwood twigs and small branches is the starting point that leads to a steady supply of endogenous soil energy. nov.) containing four families (Thermotogaceae, Fervidobacteriaceae fam. Because soil water will be diluted once it enters the ground water, a dilution-attenuation factor (DAF) is included in the equation to account for this process. The concepts of soil quality and soil health are widely used as soils receive more attention in the worldwide policy arena. She has to walk a long way and returns after a few hours. Settlements are places where people live. nov. and Petrotogales ord. Soils are of a variety of types, some are loamy and fertile while some are sandy and infertile. Sometimes, soil degradation processes, such as erosion, may be so severe that the soil classification (the soil genoform) changes. The regions are: Hilly and mountainous areas, Trans- and upper Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP), middle & lower Indo-Gangetic Plains and coastal areas, dryland and … Classification of erosion, by category 22 17. Sustainable land management practices are needed to avoid land degradation. Species extinction Soil contamination is one of the main causes that could trigger the sixth mass extinction event in history — the population of land vertebrates fell by 38 % between 1970 and 2012 —. Conservation of Resources. Soil Depth Limitations: Effective soil depth governs root development and is a source of moisture and nutrient supply to the plants. In a small village in Tanzania, Africa, Mamba gets up very early in the morning to fetch water. What are the reasons for the degradation of the soil? (iii) petroleum … “Soil erosion is the natural process in which the topsoil of a field is carried away by physical sources such as wind and water.” What is Soil Erosion? For instance, land degradation neutrality is one of the targets of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (Agenda 2030). Class 1 is the class with the most desirable quality and class 9 is the class with the poorest quality. 17. Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Class 8 MCQs Questions with Answers. 2) and they are grouped into three types: physical, chemical and biological types, each of which has different processes affecting it (Fig. First Published: 17 August 2018. Soil degradation and climate change will have driven between 50 and 700 million people to emigrate by 2050. Soil Resilience. The severity of soil and landscape degradation depends on the initial status of the land, the magnitude of drivers that place pressure on land, the responses of the land system, and the impact of feedback from these responses on land resources ( Juntti and Wilson, 2005 ). iii. Species extinction Soil contamination is one of the main causes that could trigger the sixth mass extinction event in history — the population of land vertebrates fell by 38 % between 1970 and 2012 —. The degradation was faster, with the following order: PBSA=PHBjV=PCL> PBS>PLA. Figure 11.1 for each soil degradation process (or hazard). 4. In this system, soils are arranged according to the grain size. Land degradation is a global negative environmental process that causes the decline in the productivity of land resources’ capacity to perform their functions. Land Resource, Land Utilization and Land use pattern in India. References. Agriculture produces most of the food that we consume. Soil degradation and climate change will have driven between 50 and 700 million people to emigrate by 2050. However, in the Process, They Have Stripped the Soil of Nutrients, Leading to Its Degradation. A sequel to the deforestation is typically large scale erosion, loss of soil nutrients and sometimes total desertification. So much comes down to soil health, a subject that it cannot be said is widely understood. Soil Erosion 10. Pages 1082-1089. The GLASOD data base contains information on soil degradation within map units as reported by numerous soil experts around the world through a questionnaire. The metabolic degradation and persistence of imidacloprid in paddy field soil were investigated following two applications of imidacloprid at 20 and 80 g a.i. Bhandari V, Gupta RS. Soil erosion and desertification. MCQ Questions for Class 8 Social Science with Answers were prepared based on the latest exam pattern. Particle Size Classification of Soil. She then helps her mother in the house and joins her brothers in taking care of their goats. [2014] Ans : Black soil. Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources 2. Lobb, … Vegetation classification 16 12. Soil degradation can be defined as the decline in soil fertility, when the nutritional status declines and depth of the soil goes down due to erosion and misuse. In: D.E. From these data, GRID produced digital and hardcopy maps and… This paper was peer-reviewed for scientific content. Videos. All pertinent class information is in Microsoft Teams ... Thursday, November 22, 2018. The environment is the surrounding in which we live. SSS10.11/SC21. Which soil types is made up of lava flows? Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves / ˈ eɪ v iː z /, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton.Birds live worldwide and range in size from the 5.5 cm (2.2 in) bee hummingbird to the 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in) ostrich. (i) Crop rotation : If the same crop is sown in the same field, year after year, this consumes certain nutrients from the soil making it infertile. Soil heavy metal pollution has become a severe problem in many parts of the world (Facchinelli et al., 2001, Solgi et al., 2012). Soil Degradation | Introduction ii 4.1. Both human and natural factors can lead to degradation of soils. In the Atlas, the processes of degradation/desertification are listed as vegetation degradation from deforestation, forest-blanks, shifting cultivation and grazing or grassland; water erosion resulting in the loss of soil cover mainly due to rainfall and surface runoff water; wind erosion causing the spread of sand which can erode soil; salinity of soils in cultivated areas due to excess … Soil Degradation & Conservation. CISCE ICSE Class 7. Land with low soil resilience is permanently damaged by degradation. Relation of constituents of fine earth by size, defining textural classes and sand subclasses 27 5. [11] 3. Overall Soil Degradation 9. It occurs whenever the natural balances in the landscape are changed by human activity through misuse or overuse of soil. Slope forms and surface pathways 12 4. The top layer of soil is very light which is easily carried away by wind and water. 15. 10,11 In 2010, soil degradation in England and Wales was estimated to cost £1.2 billion a year. Bai Zhang. NO NEED TO PURCHASE ANY BOOKS For session 2019-2020 free pdf will be available at www.cbse.online for 1. This approach will now be explored with a particular focus on the Mediterranean environment. Previous Ten Years … Over-grazing is causing land degradation in places like Gujarat, Rajasthan etc. Soil pollution is responsible for soil degradation. In Fig. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Soil degradation) Soil retrogression and degradation are two regressive evolution processes associated with the loss of equilibrium of a stable soil. Download now and prepare for CBSE Class 11 exams 2021-22 Overview. Soil degradation is closely linked to the way land and soils are used. Land degradation and restoration in the arid and semiarid zones of China: Quantified evidence and implications from satellites. The cause of soil degradation are – Excessive irrigation causes soil salts to dissolve with water and … Terms and ideas to research: Richmond ALR news, BC revitalization of ALR consultations Notes PowerPoint: Soil Degradation Notes Skim over each article and then choose one to read: B.G. The degree of soil degradation varies from place to place according to the topography, wind velocity and amount of the rainfall. These soils … This term previously designated the podzolization of chernozems under the influence of forest vegetation. arrow_back Degradation of Natural Resources. The excessive spraying of chemicals and use of chemical fertilizers lead to _____; (soil degradation soil fertility, soil powder) Answer: soil degradation. The percentages of SMUs in each local land : services (LLS) region with poor or very poor ratings, that is, those being managed slightly or well beyond capability, so that the risk of land degradation is high or very high, are shown in Table 11.1 (overleaf) for each land degradation hazard. Pages: 3841-3851. Madhya Pradesh Class-11 keyboard_arrow_right; Biology keyboard_arrow_right; Environmental Pollution keyboard_arrow_right; Degradation of Natural Resources . Textbook Solutions 6494. Geography. All her family owns is a piece of rocky land around their small hut. is the long-term nutrient supply that is affected by soil degradation. In this edition of European Geoscience (EGU) 2014 Assembly we organized a short course on Forest Fire Effects on Soil Properties.As in the previous course organized in EGU 2013, we think that the objectives were largely achieved. All pertinent class information is in Microsoft Teams USE GOOGLE CHROME TO OPEN THE GOOGLE DOCS AND DRIVE Home ; Senior Geography; Class Information ; Academic honesty, Making Bibliographies and In Text Citations; Johnston Heights Personal Project; Appropriate Research Guidelines; Johnston Heights Neighbourhood Map; Monday, November 19, 2018. Convener: Paulo Pereira | Co-Conveners: Guillermo Rein , Antonio Jordán , Claudio Zaccone , Lorena M. Zavala. SOIL DEGRADATION 1 INTRODUCTION Soil degradation is on the increase worldwide, especially in the countries within the tropics. The analysis here confirms the complexity of the causes, processes and impacts of soil degradation that makes complete assessment difficult. Soil Performance. A final set of costs are offsite impact calculations pertaining to lost capacity for irrigation and/ or hydropower, dredging costs, etc. CBSE > Class 10 > Science 2 answers; Vaibhav (Silent Love) Avi 270505 11 months, 3 weeks ago. Question 11. It is a serious environmental concern since it harbours many health hazards. There is a strong link between soil and land degradation, and climate change, he says. However, mostly it is due to human activities. 16. In this process, the soil particles are loosened or washed away in the valleys, oceans, rivers, streams or far away lands. Retrogression is primarily due to soil erosion and corresponds to a phenomenon where succession reverts the land to its natural physical state. Major Problems Related to Soil Conservation 11 Water Erosion 11 Wind Erosion 13 Salinity and Sodicity 15 Waterlogging 18 Flooding and Ponding 20 Soil Pans 22 Soil Nutrient Degradation 23 Surface Slaking or Crusting 24 Non-Agricultural Use of Prime Agricultural Land 25 iii CONTENTS. Explore the causes, effects and prevention of soil erosion. Almost 90 percent of the states experienced a rise – notably Delhi and the northeastern states – in land degradation in 2011-2013 compared with 2003-2005 while four states showed slight decreases in land degradation. Concept Notes & Videos 110. Principal processes of land degradation include erosion by water and wind, chemical degradation (comprising acidification, salinization, leaching etc.) Class 10 social science geography chapter 1 Resources and development solutions for free by cbsesolutions.net. Operation and maintenance systems aim at increasing the efficiency and profitability of PV plants by analyzing the monitoring data and by applying data-driven methods for assessing the causes of such performance degradation. Resource Planning in India. Alluvial soils are widespread in the northern plains and the river valleys. The sum of effective temperatures (over 10"C) was correlated with the degradation of PHBjV, PCL, PBS, and PBSA. Barren lands are naturally unfit for cultivation and no crops can be produced there. The third is rock, which for purposes of this analysis is assumed to have fixed density and not to gain or lose mass to chemical reactions. In which states has mining caused severe land degradation? Degradation of Estradiol in Water and Soil Using a New Class of Stabilized Manganese Dioxide Nanoparticles and Hydrodechlorination of Triclosan Using Supported Palladium Catalysts by Bing Han A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Auburn, Alabama August 1, 2015 Keywords: … McConkey, D.A. Soil conservation is the prevention of loss of the top most layer of the soil from erosion or prevention of reduced fertility caused by over usage, acidification, salinization or other chemical soil contamination. Complete the following sentences: Question 1. The dye is purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, India, and its structure is mentioned in Figure 3.2.This adsorbate is utilized for treatment with NLP and its activation forms. Soil erosion depends on the physical and chemical properties of the rock. This affects agricultural produce of a country. December 15, 2020 by Kishen Slash-and-burn and other unsustainable methods of subsistence farming are practiced in some lesser developed areas. Experiment conditions: [E2] = 0.0019 mg-E2/g-soil, [MnO2] = 0.174 g/L (210-3 M), [CMC] = 250 mg/L, soil =12 g. - "Degradation of Estradiol in Water and Soil Using a New Class of Stabilized Manganese Dioxide Nanoparticles and Hydrodechlorination of Triclosan Using Supported Palladium Catalysts" Recommended classification of rock outcrops 21 15. Land and soil degradation is a global concern. 11. Soil erosion due to water and wind, and degradation of vegetation cover were the main processes that has led to land degradation. Advertisement Remove all ads. Previous 15 Years Exams Chapter-wise Question Bank 2. Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources. Agriculture also produces raw materials for various industries. 13. More so, they are often unaware of the immediate and long-term consequences of soil degradation … Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab? It is a process in which the top fertile layer of soil is lost. Without an endogenous source of energy, we must rely on exogenous inputs such as nitrogen, soluble nutrients, … India is an agriculturally important country. Molecular signatures for the phylum (class) Thermotogae and a proposal for its division into three orders (Thermotogales, Kosmotogales ord. Estimating buffering capacity based on geology.....41 Table 12. The soil samples were collected at various time intervals. Provisional coding for age of land surface 19 14. Type # 2. More sustainable management of lands would reduce environmental pressures. Topics. 12. An image detailing the discolouration of soil due to soil pollution is provided below. We have Provided Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Class 8 Geography MCQs Questions with Answers to help students understand the concept very well. Classify the following into renewable and non-renewable resources (i) trees (ii) fish. Land Degradation and Conservation Measures. Its devastating effects have subjected local communities to high risks of loss of lives, properties and land resource that supports their livelihood. Soil degradation:i. In the case of the World's drylands, estimates by Dregne and Chou (1992) indicated that the continents of Africa and Asia are particularly affected by land degradation. Soil degradation is the main factor leading to the depleting soil resource base in India. Answer: the decomposition of the remains of the plants and animals in that region. Classification of Soil (i.e. High impact practices require good quality, high capability land, such as LSC ... Table 11. Soil pollution contributes to land degradation and loss of terrestrial (SDG 15) and aquatic (SDG 14) biodiversity, and decreased security and resilience of cities (SDG 11), among others. About 40% of the world’s agricultural land is severely diminished in quality because of erosion and the … Soil degradation has been defined as a process that leads to decline in the fertility or future productive capacity of soil as a result of human activity (United Nations Environment Programme, 1993). Rami Zurayk. Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Q51. nov. and Petrotogaceae fam. Bioremediation is a cost effective and nature friendly biotechnology that is powered by microbial enzymes. Dehua Mao. It signifies a regression from a higher to lower state, owing to descend in land capability, productivity, and decline of biodiversity. a. It covers only about 30% of the total area of the earth’s surface Land use is the function of land – what it is used for. Land is used for forestry, mining, building houses, roads and setting up of … Soil degradation is a process in which the value of the land and its biophysical environment is affected by a combination of human actions and non-natural phenomenons. Figure 3-11. considers that only about 11 per cent of the global land surface can be considered as prime or Class I land, and this must feed the 6.3 billion people today and the 8.2 billion expected by the year 2020. Ratio Classification Pv/ >1.5 very stable, elastic deformation 1.5 - 1.2 stable 1.2 - 0.8 weak < 0.8 unstable, plastic deformation Böden auf „Gut Ritzerau“ und ihre Beurteilung bzgl. ii. (Imp) Answer: The three characteristics of arid soils are-(i) These soils range from red to brown in colour. Activities causing land degradation: Deforestation has caused degradation . Though soil and water conservation (SWC) technologies have been adopted in Geshy subcatchment, their effects on soil quality were limitedly studied. Soil texture focuses on the particles that are less than two millimeters in diameter which include sand, silt, and clay. Geography. Many settlements have things in common and so they can be grouped to make it easier to study them. (iv) What is soil degradation? This page provides a list of maps for the 73 Attributes of the European Soil Database grouped into 14 Groups. Only about 11% of the global land surface is Class I-III arable land, which must support an estimated 50% increase in agricultural production to feed approximately 9.5 billion people in 2050 [3]. CBSE Class 11. These classifications are based on the percentages of sand, silt, and clay in the soil. December 15, 2020 by Kishen Very accurate soil type information is available for the area as intensive measurements within the area has formed the basis for a new methodology for soil classification in Denmark. Knowledge and data. Land Slide Problem in West Bengal 11. soil degradation including agricultural land (Wynants et al., 2019). OVERVIEW OF SOIL CLASSIFICATION BY FARMERS ... degradation: notably those caused by water erosion, wind erosion, chemical degradation, physical degradation, etc. Soil Degradation. In areas of low population density, land is abandoned when it has been degraded, and farmers move on to clear new land, leaving the degraded land as a negative externality. Land, soil, water, natural vegetation class 8 geography-PPT 1. … Elution histories of E2 from SL2 soil at different MnO2 injection pore velocities. Hence, it is essential to know about soil before farming. This term previously designated the podzolization of chernozems under the influence of forest vegetation. MCPA (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) is a powerful, selective, widely used phenoxy herbicide.The pure compound is a brown-colored powder. Free courses. Agriculture -Geography - Class 10 1. Explain two important characteristics of this soil type which make it unsuitable for cultivation. Tap into our publications, data, maps and projects. Here, region-wise major causes and extents of soil degradation are discussed in detail. 1.4 Soil parameter data based on the World Inventory of Soil Emission Potential (WISE) database 23 II. Causes and Extent of Soil Degradation by Region General causes and extent of soil degradation in India are discussed in the manuscript. Hence land degradation will remain high on the interna-tional agenda in the 21st century. Alluvial Soil, Black Soil, Red & Yellow Soil, Laterite Soil, Arid Soil, Forest Soil). LAND Land is among the most important natural resources. Introduction Global Soil Degradation data for the GIS Analysis. The areal extent of global degraded areas varies depending on the definitions. ). ha−1 at an interval of 10 days. It defined as the decline in soil fertility, when the nutritional status declines and depth of the soil goes down due to erosion and misuse. In the world, there is practically no extensive area of land without limitation of one sort or another (Ibrahim and Idogba, 2013). Ans. It includes the type, degree, extent, cause and rate of soil degradation. The limit of quantification for the analysis of imidacloprid and its metabolites was obtained at the concentration of 0.01 mg kg−1. The ability of the land to revert to a near original production level after it is degraded, as by mismanagement. The external costs of soil degradation are indicative of market and institutional failure: that is, failure to account for the costs of soil degradation and failure to incorporate those costs into decision-making and entitlements that govern the use of soil. 3). Globally, human-induced soil degradation has affected 1965 million ha. 2014. Qualification of bulk density 51 8. Soil degradation: i. The forum heard that at least a quarter of the excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has come from changes in land use — such as deforestation — in the last century. … This bed layer need not be immobile but following convention we restrict motion of the soil/sediment layer to creep, i.e., relatively slow motion, and consider rapidly deforming material to be part of the flow. Soil Degradation & Conservation. Classification of erosion, by degree 22 19. The mode of action of MCPA is as an auxin, which are growth hormones that naturally exist in plants. Due to soil erosion, the soil becomes less fertile. The rate of degradation varies from 0.085 to 0.032 mg day −1 and half life varies from 25 to 11 … The removal of topsoil by the natural forces is known as soil erosion. This will be crucial in England's attempt to limit the effects of climate change. 2001. This process happens automatically in hardwood forest soils but in commercial fields this energy source has been exhausted a long time ago. Soil strength ..... 44 4.1.2. The soil survey included a detailed mapping at field level, using the electromagnetic sensor, EM38. On-site users of soils may not be aware of the long term effects of degradation on the benefits they themselves obtain from land and specifically from soil. Introduction to How Seasons Occur; The Sun, the Moon and the Earth. The degradation of natural resources can occurby improper resource utilization practices such as. The degradation comes from several sources but it is … Free courses. Figure 11.1: Proportion of soil monitoring units in each land management within capability rating class by soil degradation process. nov.) and a new genus Pseudothermotoga gen. nov. with five new …
2006 Dodge Ram Puddle Lights, Underscore Symbol On Keyboard, Latest News On Tjx Companies, When Did The Milgram Experiment Take Place, Army Ranger Call Signs,
