Everything suggests that he was intent on war with Rome from the moment he came to power, a cause he probably inherited from his father (considered by Polybius to be one of the main causes of the second war). In 209 BC, for some time, twelve Latin colonies refused to give army for defending Rome. The Romans, meanwhile, built up their strength and eventually counterattacked, leading to a Roman victory. If it had come to a trial of military strength in front of the walls of Rome, the odds were against Hannibal. The renewed war took a more ruthless turn. For a moment, Rome looked to be almost defenceless. When Publius was killed by a javelin, the Roman situation became hopeless and the army was massacred. 264 to 241 bc First Punic War; 218 to 202 bc Second Punic War; 149 to 146 bc Third Punic War; Carthage. The war was begun by Philip V of Macedonia, who was worried about Roman expansion in Illyria, on his western border. Romans began to see them as their vassals, such measures found support of the municipal aristocracy. Carthaginian army marched 4 days and 3 nights up til waits and chests in the water. Cnaeus was killed, and his army overwhelmed. 10,000 legionaries from the centre of the Roman line were able to escape by breaking through Hannibal's own centre, but by then the battle was lost, and all they could do was make their escape. Despite pointedly rapid movement by Flaminius, Hannibal still managed to get over the passes unopposed, and once again take control of the situation, this time by marching straight past Flaminius, burning and pillaging as he went, and forcing the Romans to chase him. Over the winter of 216-215 he captured Casilinum, making Capua less vulnerable to Roman assault, and in 212 he captured the city of Tarentum. After the war Rome had gained Spain, secured control over the Mediterranean islands, and seen her first direct involvement in Greece. Scipio's army reformed, never easy during a battle, and very rare in this period, and was able to face and hold Hannibal's veterans, before the Roman cavalry managed to outflank the Punic army. It is also unclear what happened in Rome. He was satisfy with the fact that he ravaged surrounding fields. In 206, they took the offensive. Fabius also kept the allies so that they do not cross to the side of the Carthaginians. Hasdrubal was forced to flee to North Africa, Mago to Gades. Marcellus chanced across a Syracusan army which had broken out from Syracuse, marching to join with the Carthaginians, and was able to destroy it, before retreating back to Syracuse, closely followed by the Carthaginian force. The two scouting commanders met at the battle of Ticinus (November 218 BC), a small-scale battle notable only as the first of Hannibal's battles on Italian soil. Hanno was captured, as was Indibilis, a Spanish leader who was to play a major part in the war. He started marching from New Carthage, in the spring 218 BC, crossed the Pyrenees and marched along the coast. - Contact Us - Search - Recent - About Us - Subscribe in a reader - Join our Google Group The Barcid was the main driver of the conflict between Carthage and Rome. Flaminius was killed at the beginning of the battle. The Roman plan was simple. Marcellus's assault on the city was a predictable failure, and he decided to split the Roman forces. This is my first solo timeline so let's see how it goes. Despite this setback, 208 was to see another Punic expedition from Spain to Italy. ^ The term Punic comes from the Latin word Punicus (or Poenicus), meaning "Carthaginian", and is a reference to the Carthaginians' Phoenician ancestry. Hannibal's plan is much better known. Mago's attack in the Roman rear was the turning point of the battle, although the Roman defeat was still not as severe as those to come. The strategy of the Romans was such that the war was being waged on the opponent’s territory, and in that purpose one army landed in Africa and the other army in Spain. Flaminius died, although whether after panicking (Polybius) or after leading his men well (Livy), is unclear, and his army destroyed. Democratic groups won in this battle. The Celtic and Spanish infantry were position slightly ahead of the rest of the army. Gaius Flaminius Nepos then decided to follow Hannibal without waiting for more army. Carthage was no longer able to offer resistance. Across the end of May and June 217 BC, the two armies marched across Etruria, until Hannibal found an ideal location for an ambush at Lake Trasimene, where the road passed along a narrow stripe on land between the lake on one side and some hills on the other. Battles. These commanders were Sempronius, at the Trebbia River, Flaminius, at Lake Trasimene, Paullus, at Cannae, and Scipio, at Zama. However, other than a skirmish between their scouts, there was no fighting. Furious at Hannibal’s audacity, the Romans demanded that he be handed over for punishment. Then the consul armies joined together and attacked Hannibal in December 218 BC near Trebbia river, but they were defeated here as well. The new war plan was counted on the depletion of the opponent, because it predicted an inevitable defeat in a decisive battle. By passing through Umbria and Picenum he destroyed villages. The Romans, meanwhile, built up their strength and eventually counterattacked, leading to a Roman victory. The Ebro Treaty is what ended the Second Punic War. Carthaginian senate asked Hannibal to return from Italy. See Ebro Treaty. The Senate decided on a last resort: two legions, which were formed of slaves. This just left nature to defeat on the descent into Italy, a foe that Hannibal promptly overcame. In 206 BC, Publius started to reign over the southern part of the Iberian Peninsula. The Roman constitution proved to be unsuitable for emergency wartime conditions. Control of finances allowed the payment of contributions, without burdening the citizens by excessive taxes – a discontent of oligarchic party and the Romans suspiciousness. Second Punic War, second (218–201 bce) in a series of wars between the Roman Republic and the Carthaginian (Punic) empire that resulted in Roman hegemony over the western Mediterranean. In Rome, this caused fights between various political groups. The Carthaginians were led by Hannibal, one of the most gifted commanders in history, but the Romans had their own great general Scipio Africanus, an… Having defeated every army sent against him, it is natural that Hannibal would have expected to be able to repeat the performance. However, in 207 his allies, the Achaean League, Philip's allies, won a great victory over the Spartans at Mantineia, and the Aetolian league made peace with Philip. So the Second Punic War, largest conflict on antiquity, is mainly known by epic battles like Cannae or Zama and great leaders – Hannibal Barca and Scipio Africanus. When the Second Punic War ended in 201 BC, one of the terms of the peace treaty prohibited Carthage from waging war without Rome's permission. This was the first case in Roman history that imperium was granted to an individual instead of the magistrate. This is an incomplete list of battles of the Second Punic War, showing the battles on the Italian peninsula and some in Africa, in Sicily and Hispania.. 218 BC Summer: Battle of Lilybaeum – A Roman fleet of 20 quinqueremes defeated a Carthaginian fleet of 35 galleys. In the Senate, a conservative group of Fabius Maximus Cunctator still played a major role. This attack apparently persuaded the Gallic chieftains that continued attacks were not worth the risk, and they offered a truce. Scipio started the year with another victory, this time over the army of Hasdrubal Barca at the battle of Baecula. However, when Sagunto was occupied in 219 BC, the Romans sent a mission to Carthage with a demand to hand them over Hannibal. The years immediately after the war saw Rome gain control over large areas of Greece and defeat the successors to Alexander the Great. Hannibal launched an attack on the Roman lines, timed to coincide with a similar attack from Capua, but the attacks were repulsed. Furious at Hannibal’s audacity, the Romans demanded that he be handed over for punishment. Gaius Flaminius defeat contributed to strengthening of the aristocratic party. The centre of their line contained 55,000 heavy infantry, along with 15,000 velites. Massalian people,which were long time rivals of Carthaginians, also encouraged them to go in war. The loss of their last major base ended Carthage's interest in Sicily. Polybius rightly regarded the latter action as unjustified and the subsequent Carthaginian resentment as a major cause of the Second Punic War. Why was there a Second Punic War? An army somewhere between 55,000 and 74,000 strong, led by Hasdrubal Gisgo, moved into a position that made it clear he wanted battle. This was reflected in the Roman politics. Hannibal's plan was successful. It is certain that peace terms were offered, which included a Carthaginian withdrawal from Italy and Spain, the surrender of any claims to islands in the Mediterranean and a massive reduction in the size of their fleet as well as a fine of uncertain size. Hannibal was out numbered but he had a strong cavalry and he centralized command unlike the Romans who had two rival generals. Still, a lot was happening in the Carthage backyard, i.e. Hannibal responded by moving back west across the Apennines, and moving into the Ager Falernus, a fertile and prosperous area in Campania, where many Romans had vineyards. At night, he gathered together all the oxen captured by his army, tied burning torches to their horns, and drove them along a ridge near the pass. With Spain and Sicily both firmly in Roman hands, Carthage itself was now vulnerable, and in 203 BC, Hannibal, with at least some of his army, sailed back from southern Italy to Carthage for the final confrontation of the war. One army, under the consul Salinator, was placed near Ariminum, while another under Varro was placed on the other side of the Apennines, blocking the two routes Hasdrubal could use to move south. Punic Wars, also called Carthaginian Wars, (264–146 bce), a series of three wars between the Roman Republic and the Carthaginian (Punic) empire, resulting in the destruction of Carthage, the enslavement of its population, and Roman hegemony over the western Mediterranean. Prior to the war, Roman territory had been limited to Italy. Hasdrubal chose diplomatic, rather than military, solutions to conflict with Rome but was assassinated by a servant in 221 BCE and command then went to Hannibal Barca (l. 247-183 BCE, Hamilcar's oldest son). Battle of Ticinus Battle of TicinusPart of the Second Punic WarBattles second punic war.pngDateNovember, 218 BCLocationRight bank of lower Ticino River, present-day ItalyResultCarthaginian victoryBelligerentsCarthage standard.svg CarthageSpqrstone.jpg Roman RepublicCommanders and leadersHannibalPublius Cornelius Scipio … Roman power in Spain collapsed. It is important to note that ‘Hannibal and the Second Punic War, 218–201 BC’ is a depth study. Hannibal route Second Punic War Publius Cornelius Scipio (Elder)– a Consul from 218 BC was already moving in the direction of Spain, because he wanted to fight with Hannibal. A major Roman-Greek force was mobilized under the command of the great hero of the Second Punic War, Scipio Africanus, and set out for Greece, beginning the Roman-Syrian War. He also had to prepare his army for battle - the war in Sicily had not seen great set piece battles. The resulting battle of Lake Trasimene (21 June 217 BC) was a crushing defeat for the Romans. 212 saw Hannibal's fortunes start to change. Second Punic War Battles > Battle of Capua (211 BC). This success seriously weakened Fabius's prestige in Rome, and for a brief period his deputy Minucius was given shared command. The retreat turned into a rout under strong Roman pressure. The crossing of the Pyrenees was apparently trouble free, although Hannibal reached Gaul with only 60,000 men, suggesting that some 20,000 men had fallen by the wayside. Battle of Lilybaeum – A Roman fleet of 20 quinqueremes defeated a Carthaginian fleet of 35 galleys. The total number of dead Romans was around 15.000 people. The Second Punic War was often known as Hannibal’s War in Rome.It was in a real sense the personal war of Hannibal. Scipio now turned his attention to Africa. silver and recruits of Carthage. Faced with a two consul army, Hasdrubal attempted a retreat, but got lost and was caught by the Romans pinned against the River Metaurus. In 212 BC, Romans besieged Capua but in order to distract them Hannibal headed to Rome. The Second Punic War (aka The Hannibalic War) was fought between Carthage and Rome between 218 and 201 BCE. The Punic army collapsed quickly, with the exception of a small Spanish contingent, whose resistance allowed most of the Punic army to escape. Scipio could face him with just under 50,000 men, although only half of these were Roman or Italian, the rest being the same Celtiberians who had deserted the Roman cause in 211. The interval between the First and Second Punic Wars (241–218 bce) The loss of naval supremacy not only deprived the Carthaginians of their predominance in the western Mediterranean but exposed their overseas empire to disintegration under renewed attacks by Rome. However, he was the superior general, and the war continued with Philip winning a series of minor victories, while the Macedonians suffered defeats in his absence. Hannibal's plan relied on his gaining support amongst the Gauls, and he could thus not back down from this first Roman threat, while Scipio acted as all Roman generals of the time did, secure in his belief that his troops were superior. Shortly after the victory in battle of Cannae, Hannibal concluded agreement (215 BC) with Macedonian king Philip V against Rome. In the years after the First Punic War, Rome wrested Corsica and … When the two armies scouts reported contact, both commanders went forward with larger scouting forces, in the case of Hannibal probably his 6,000 cavalry who outnumbered Scipio's forces. After a night march the Roman army met the Spanish and engaged in a badly organised battle. That's it from me, I think. Although he had not attacked Scipio, Hannibal had spent the forty days productively, securing new supplied, and scouting out the area where any battle would take place. South of the river Ebro, Sagunto was only sea town (it was Hellenized Iberian city), which did not obeyed to Carthaginians, but it entered into an alliance with Rome. His battle plan was suitably simple. The increased brutality of the Roman campaign forced Carthage to order Hannibal to attack. For several days the two sides deployed for battle but did not fight. In 210 BC new expedition led by Publius Cornelius Scipio (Junior), Consul’s son of 218 BC, proved to be a good general, despite his age, in the battles of Ticinus and Cannae and he enjoyed great authority. With an army exhausted by the fighting, Hannibal's decision not to risk a rapid cross-country march is more understandable. This cross was total surprise for the Romans. Although this new Punic army outnumbered the Roman force, Scipio was willing to offer battle. Sagunto resisted over the course of eight months. After initial fighting that revealed serious Seleucid weaknesses, the Seleucids tried to turn the Roman strength against them at the Battle of Thermopylae (as they believed the 300 Spartans had done centuries earlier). However, neither effort met with success. Capture of Malta – Roman army under Tiberius Sempronius Longus conquers the Carthaginian-held island of Malta. The Legions had yet to enter battle, and only the less important cavalry had been defeated. Hannibal was faster. 1. The Roman response to this was to prey on Hannibal's new vulnerability - his allies. The Second Punic War was often known as Hannibal’s War in Rome. At Carthage the 'peace party' came to the fore, and a delegation was sent to Scipio to negotiate an end to the war. As the war in Italy shows, a commander who did not want to offer battle could not easily be forced to fight, but Hanno was defeated at the battle of Cissa (near modern Tarragona). On his arrival in Sicily, Scipio settled down to train his army. In 211 BC Rome signed an alliance with the Aetolian league, one of the stronger powers in Greece, and Philip found himself under attack from several sides at once. Once again, Hannibal's victory encouraged more Gallic tribes to join him. The Carthaginians, under the military leadership of their general, Hannibal, marched into Italy and won several battle. For years he had won victories with his experienced army, but now he faced the best Roman army of the war, while he himself commanded a makeshift army, containing remnants of the forces already defeated by Scipio supported by those of his veterans that Hannibal had managed to get back from Italy. The Second Punic War broke out in B.C. Its advantages were found in inexhaustibility of the reserves and in the army number. Hannibal set up a camp opposite them, and then send a detachment to secretly cross the river upstream. Marcellus took one third of the army to attack other rebel communities, while he left the rest of the army under Appius Claudius Pulcher to conduct the siege of the city. This plan came close to success, but at the key point in the battle, with the Roman lines in disarray and Hannibal about to put in his veterans, the Romans demonstrated the high level of training in their army. However, Hannibal soon after that destroy Marcus Minucius army, and only the help of Fabius Maximus saved him from a total collapse. They are not in the GA nor FA criteria, so I have never felt the need. Cnaeus was forced to retreat in an attempt to return to safety, but the three Punic armies converged on his column and soon surrounded the Roman force. Hearing that a force of Spanish allies were heading towards the Punic army, he decided to intercept it. Marcus Claudius Marcellus was sent to Sicily and in 213 BC, he besieged Syracuse. Third Punic War + Third Punic War Links Hannibal moved from Apulia to Samnium and from there he moved to Campania where he collected food supplies. 218-202 BC The concluding battle of the Second Punic War in 202 BC. A map illustrating the campaigns of the Second Punic War (218-201 BCE). Only two decades after one of the most costly wars of antiquity, Rome and Carthage were once again at war. Second Punic War (218-201 BC) The Second Punic War, also referred to as The Hannibalic War and (by the Romans) the War Against Hannibal, lasted from 218 to 201 BC and involved combatants in the western and eastern Mediterranean. The city was captured at the end of 219, and Hannibal sent his troops into winter quarters. For several days, Senate deliberated on the situation. Celtic people were not satisfied with Roman rule, and this help allowed Hannibal to rest his troops. A second response was to send the Punic fleet to attack the Roman fleet at Utica, but this attack was bungled. In 209 BC, 80-years-old Fabius Maximus occupied Tarentum. Hannibal established alliances with the tribes in the eastern Iberian Peninsula thanks to his diplomatic skills. The conflict decided about the primacy in the Mediterranean. Its seems a little counterintuitive to include the Second Punic War in Category:Third Punic War; As I mentioned, I rarely look at categories. As Scipio's mission was to deal with Hannibal, he unloaded his troops and prepared for battle. The remains of Roman troops were stopped and young military tribune Publius Cornelius Scipio Younger (son of Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus) placed them in order. The battle of Metaurus saw his army destroyed, and Hasdrubal himself killed. So the Second Punic War, largest conflict on antiquity, is mainly known by epic battles like Cannae or Zama and great leaders – Hannibal Barca and Scipio Africanus. Once the Gauls were in place to oppose his landing, the detachment already across the river attacked the Gallic camp, causing a panic which broke the Gallic army, and allowed Hannibal to get the rest of his army over the river. This visible sign of Roman weakness encouraged many Gauls to join Hannibal, some deserting from Scipio's army, as would each of Hannibal's series of great victories. Carthage responded by raising another two armies, a Numidian army under Syphax, and a Punic army led by Hasdrubal Gisgo. Hog Farm Bacon 00:31, 11 October 2020 (UTC) The majority of rebel cities quickly returned to the Roman side, and the island remained safe for the rest of the war. The Second Punic War (also called the Second Carthaginian War) was the second of three conflicts, known collectively as “The Punic Wars,” fought between the ancient powers of Rome and Carthage — a powerful city and imperial entity located across the Mediterranean from Southern Italy in modern-day Tunisia. Assembly made a special decision to grant of imperium to the young Publius Cornelius Scipio and he was named proconsul (governor). The Punic Wars were a series of wars between the Carthaginians and the Roman Republic that would catalyze the growth of the Roman territorial holdings as well as shape the ancient world for centuries to come. According to Polybius and Livy in their histories of Rome, Hamilcar Barca, who died in 229 B.C., made his younger son Hannibal swear a blood oath against Rome when he was just a young boy. Although the siege took eight months, it consisted of a series of attempts to take the city by storm, an unusually aggressive plan for this period. Scipio had won total success in Spain, ending for ever the Carthaginian presence in the Peninsular. Scipio decided to move (it was too late) towards Rhône river. Hannibal's response has become a classic of military history. This was start of series of war conquests, which Romans led later. His task was made easier by the Carthaginian commander, who dismissed Muttines and replaced him with his own son. At first, the Romans had a success, they occupied Sagunto, but in 211 BC, both Scipio’s brothers were defeated and killed by Carthaginians. Hasdrubal Barca, the overall Punic commander in Spain, led a small army in a quick raid against the Roman fleet, which caught out some Roman detachments, but was too small to remain safely north of the Ebro, and Hasdrubal retreated south, leaving Rome with a secure base in northern Spain. Near Aecae, Fabius with a new 40,000 strong Roman army came back into contact with Hannibal, but this time he was determined not to offer battle. Massinisa became more stronger thanks to the Numidia tribes – which were free and up until then these tribes were totally dependent of Carthage. Learners will explore and analyse, in depth, the different reasons for Hannibal’s early successes and eventual failure. . Choose from 500 different sets of second punic war flashcards on Quizlet. Hannibal just had to cross the Pyrenees and the Alps, which up until then no one has ever done against so many hostile armies. The Second Punic War (218-201 BC) Distrusting the Carthaginian politicians who surrendered to Rome, Hamilcar Barca moved to Iberia (modern Spain) looking to expand Carthaginian territory, and to one day attack Rome with an army from Spain. Only after Hasdrubal had deployed his own troops did he realise that the Roman deployment had changed. Scipio chose to split his force. Certainly there were strong Roman forces near to the city, which would have arrived in Rome before Hannibal, and the cities defences would have made it very hard for Hannibal to take the city. The Romans deployed 76,000 men on the battlefield. The Battle of Lake Trasimene 217 BC was a major battle in the Second Punic War. For some time, Hannibal stayed near the city and after that, he retreated to Campania and headed to the south. The vast fleet, containing 400 transport ships guarded by a mere 40 warships, managed the crossing unmolested by the lacklustre Punic navy. He chose to return over the same pass he had used to enter the area, a move that was anticipated by Fabius, who blocked the pass. According to Polybius the treaty was confirmed in Rome, while Livy claimed that the negotiations in Rome failed. Planning guide. Carthage was forced to sue for peace, this time on harsher terms than in the previous year. His troops were drastically reduced to 20.000 infantry and 6.000 equestrians. Never mind how fast Hannibal could move, he could not oppose all of the Roman armies, which left his allies to defend themselves for much of the time. When Romans demand was rejected by Punic, this was a trigger for war. We do not know which pass Hannibal used, and the climate has changed in the intervening centuries, making even the best argued route unreliable. Hannibal was also weakened by losses and he tried to take advantage of the Roman defeat in the diplomatic purposes. Now for the first time the two sides met. The Carthaginians, under the military leadership of their general, Hannibal, marched into Italy and won several battle. Despite their defeats, and the defections, Rome could still field far larger armies than Hannibal, and could replace losses much more easily. Surrounded, Hannibal's army was destroyed. Nevertheless, its commercial enterprises expanded rapidly in the 2nd century bce, exciting the envy of Rome’s growing mercantile community. In the centre were the 20,000 Celtic and 4,000 Spanish infantry. Hannibal overnight crossed the valley, occupied higher grounds, and deployed troops behind the hills. He stripped out the elderly and unfit from the garrison and replaced them with these new troops. The momentous decision was made to recall Hannibal from Italy to lead the defence. The next day he was able to provoke the Roman's into giving battle. In 219 BC, Hannibal (son of Hamilcar Barca, a Carthaginian general during the First Punic War) broke the tentative peace between the two cities and laid siege to Saguntum (in eastern Spain), then an ally of Rome. The Second Punic War, also referred to as The Hannibalic War, (by the Romans) The War Against Hannibal, or "The Carthaginian War", lasted from 218 to 201 BC [2] and involved combatants in the western and eastern Mediterranean.This was the second major war between Carthage and the Roman Republic, with the crucial participation of Numidian-Berber armies and tribes on both sides. Punic Wars - Punic Wars - Campaigns in Sicily and Spain: Concurrently with the great struggle in Italy the Second Punic War was fought out on several other fields. Punic Wars > Second Punic War. Rome emerged from the war utterly transformed. These armies camped six or seven miles from the Romans, in camps about a mile apart. The Second Punic War, also referred to as The Hannibalic War, (by the Romans) The War Against Hannibal, or "The Carthaginian War", lasted from 218 to 201 BC and involved combatants in the western and eastern Mediterranean. Romans stubbornly continued to struggle in Spain, considering it the main source of power, i.e. In the Second Punic War, various Roman commanders faced Hannibal, leader of the forces of Carthaginians, their allies, and mercenaries.Four major Roman commanders made a name for themselves in the following main battles of the second Punic War. Hannibal was able to hold back his attack until almost the entire Roman army was stuck in the trap, only attacking when the front of the Roman column encountered his troops at the exit from the defile. It led not only to the outside but also to a number of internal changes. - Cookies. Food supplies were one of the most important Hannibal tasks. Fought across the entire Western … His plan was to march the largest army he could muster through northern Spain, along the south coast of France, through the alps, and into northern Italy, where he hoped to raise new allies from amongst the Gallic tribes recently repressed by Rome. From now on Rome was able to call on Numidean allies. The bulk of his cavalry, 6000 Gallic and Spanish cavalry, were on the left wing, facing the Roman cavalry. Hannibal kept the Romans in captivity and he released Roman allies to their homes. During the Second Punic War in 218 BC, the Carthaginian general Hannibal probably crossed the Alps with an army numbering 38,000 infantry, 8,000 cavalry, and 37 war elephants. Once the Romans were in place at the other end of the defile, Hannibal marched his troops back around the hills, where by daybreak they were in place on the reverse side of the hills, hidden to the Romans, who marched straight into the trap. Alps - Wikipedia During the Second Punic War in 212 BCE, the Ludi Apollinares ("Apollonian Games") were instituted in his honor, on the instructions of a prophecy attributed to one Marcius. Romans sent there Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio, and in 217 BC arrived in Spain, with reinforcements his brother Publius (Consul whom Hannibal broke in 218 BC). The first and second Punic wars (264–241 bce and 218–201 bce) had effectively deprived Carthage of its political power. Scipio was in Massalia when he heard the news of Hannibal’s movement. Battle of Geronium Battle of GeroniumPart of the Second Punic WarDateAutumn of 217 BCLocationGeronium, MoliseResultTactical Carthaginian victorystrategic drawBelligerentsCarthage standard.svg CarthageSpqrstone.jpg Roman RepublicCommanders and leadersHannibalM. Regardless, the treaty did not last. Many Senators and military tribunes were left on the battlefield, including Lucius Aemilius Paullus. Over the next decades, Rome took over control of both Corsica and Sardinia as well, but Carthage was able to establish a new base of influence in Spain beginning in 237 B.C., under the leadership of the powerful general Hamilcar Barca and, later, his son-in-law Hasdrubal. When they were in place, he launched an attack across the river. Zapoznaj się z przykładami tłumaczeń 'Second Punic War' w zdaniach, posłuchaj wymowy i przejrzyj gramatykę. The First Macedonian War (215–205) broke out when King Philip V pressed his ambitions in Illyria after he perceived a weakening of Roman power in the wake of Cannae. Hannibal besieged the town under the pretext that the Sagunto attacked one of the tribes, which were under Carthage authority. These terms were accepted, although whether this was genuine or just to allow time for Hannibal to return is unclear. While this war was a lot shorter than the First Punic War, it is most well known for the Carthage leader Hannibal who caused massive damage to the Romans. This was probably the only offensive option open to Carthage, but it was still a massive gamble. In the aftermath, Hasdrubal's Spanish allies began to desert him, and he was forced to retreat. In a dramatic scene in the Carthaginian senate, the leader of the Roman delegation declared war. The Romans tried to defend themselves by forming a circle, but they could not resist Hannibal’s army, which broke their line of defence – general extermination. In 211 BC a new Carthaginian commander, with a slightly reinforced army, led resistance from Agrigentum. In the battle, at the river Ticinus (November 218 BC), Hannibal destroyed Scipio’s troops. Battle of Capua (211 BC) Second Battle of CapuaPart of the Second Punic WarBattles second punic war.pngDate211 BCLocationCapua, present ItalyResultcapture of Capua by the RomansBelligerentsCarthage, CapuaRoman RepublicCommanders and leadersHannibal, Bostar, Hanno, son of BomilcarQuintus Fulvius Flaccus, Appius Claudius Pulcher Spain, which definitely had a great impact on the final outcome of the war. Despite this first setback, Roman morale remained good. Early in the spring of 203 BC, Scipio launched simultaneous attacks on these camps and drove off both Punic armies, giving the Romans the freedom to act as they wished around Utica. According to this contract, the Carthaginians were pledged not to cross the Ebro river for military purposes (undoubtedly, this was more favorable to Carthage). The aim of this was to all the new Roman armies to gain experience together, while weakening Hannibal. Finally, the rest of the city fell. Updated March 08, 2017 Ultimately, Rome won the Second Punic War, but it was not a foregone conclusion. It prevented Carthage from using Sicily as a base to reinforce Hannibal in Italy. Their new commander, Marcus Valerius Laevinus, one of the consuls for the year, decided to launch an attack on Agrigentum. Only one squad of 6,000 people took the hill, but they were surrounded. The two consuls caught up with Hannibal near Cannae in mid July 216 and quickly established a camp only a couple of miles from that of Hannibal, a clear sign that battle was desired. The Second Punic War happened between 218 BC and 201 BC. By then, the Roman and Latin cavalry had been defeated, and the Legions were surrounded. The invasion force set sail for Africa early in the spring on 204 BC. One answer was to form armies of Italian troops with Carthaginian commanders, but this armies were generally unsuccessful, leaving Hannibal's own army as the only one truly capable of defeating Roman troops. Second Punic War Battles > Battle of Geronium. Before the Second Punic War slaves were employed on a relatively small scale. Then he reorganized the troops according to the Roman model. Hasdrubal was replaced in command in Spain by the twenty six year old Hannibal, the son of Hamilcar, who was elected by the army in Spain. Second Punic War Battles > Battle of Capua (211 BC). They were forced to abandon all lands outside Africa, acknowledge Masinissa's kingdom, and agree not to fight any wars in Africa without Roman permission. The Mercenary War (240-237 BC) Carthage had to pay its mercenary soldiers after the First Punic War, even though Carthage lost the war to Rome. Many soldiers were lost, many of them fell of their horses, only one elephant stayed alive. Instead of using a single large army, Rome now began to field multiple smaller armies. This time the Roman response was much more effective. During march Hannibal himself lost an eye, but Hannibal with army managed to go around the fortified positions of the Romans. The Roman army split into two, one third under Cnaeus, two thirds under Publius, and moved to face the three Punic armies. Carthage had to surrender all hostages to Rome. The First Macedonian War (215–205) broke out when King Philip V pressed his ambitions in Illyria after he perceived a weakening of Roman power in the wake of Cannae. There he was joined by Masinissa, king of the Maesulii, one of the Numidian tribes, who had been recently defeated by Syphax, a pro-Punic rival, but who was later to provide invaluable help. It was one of the deadliest human conflicts of ancient times. However, in comparison the Roman losses were devastating. All citizens, who were older than 17 years were asked to join in defending the Rome. This was the second major war between Carthage and the Roman Republic, with the crucial participation of Numidian-Berber armies and tribes on both sides. Hannibal: The Second Punic War, is a two-player game that covers the conflict between Carthage and Rome, during the period of 218 to 195 B.C. Punic Wars. Although Rome did nothing to help Saguntum, she did sent a delegation to Carthage over the winter. During the next 50 years Carthage had to pay a contribution of 10.000 talents, and it lost an entire navy (except 10 guard vessels). From the Pyrenees to the Rhone he was unopposed, but at the Rhone a sizeable Gallic army was waiting for him on the opposite bank of the river. Immediately after the battle, he began his march to Italy, which suggests that his army was not badly damaged by the battle, and it may be that a truer image of the battle would be as a delaying action fought by Hasdrubal to allow his army to begin it's march. This is an incomplete list of battles of the Second Punic War, showing the battles on the Italian peninsula and some in Africa, in Sicily and Hispania . This move caused a legendary panic in Rome “Hannibal ante portas”. The Second Punic War took place in the years 218-201 BCE between Carthage and Rome. See a map animation of the Second Punic War, in which Carthage nearly brings Rome to its knees through General Hannibal. Why was there a Second Punic War? Then Hannibal returned to Apulia, where he wintered 217 – 216 BC. Even his closest collaborator Marcus Minucius was against this tactic, therefore during one occasion when Fabius Maximus was absent, Marcus Minucius managed to deliver a defeat to Carthaginians. One contingent was sent into Numidea to restore Masinissa to power while the rest under Scipio marched towards Carthage herself. Jun 29, 2019 - Explore Lee Hadley's board "2nd Punic War" on Pinterest. South of the Ebro Carthaginian conquests made before the war were still only loosely controlled, while the area north of the Ebro had been smashed through by Hannibal. The Spanish tribes were loyal to success, and frequently changed sides after a setback, emphasising any success or failure. Although the Second Punic War spread to Greece, the fighting there, known as the First Macedonian War (215-205 BC) was something of a side issue, and involved almost no Punic troops, and rarely more than a single Roman legion. The main part of the population of the Carthaginian colonies in Spain was the Iberian tribes. The heart of the Punic province was a small area around New Carthage and Gades. Punic Wars. Punic Wars > Second Punic War. In Campania, people of city Capua came on to Hannibal side while Cumae, Naples and Nola remained faithful to Rome. This was a unique strategy for a Roman general of this period, who were far more likely to attack at the first chance. 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