Combined ice and waterbalances of Gulkana and Wolverine Glaciers, Alaska, and South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 1965 and 1966 hydrologic years, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 715-A, 23 p. Ostrem, G. and A. Stanley, 1969. Station data inventory, annual data report , and latest shifted rating. 6/4/2011, South Cascade weather station (USGS 12181110). This stake array includes a time lapse camera and a sun-shielded temperature sensor, maintained at a constant 2m above the glacier surface. Height max: 2275 m a.s.l. 5/4/2013, Guided by GPS navigation, researchers use GPS navigation and a sled to carry ablation stakes and equipment between sites. The South Cascade Glacier, a remote ice field near Glacier Peak, has shrunk almost every year since 1959, when the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began tracking it closely. The ba of North Cascade glaciers and bn for South Cascade glacier 1984–2006, records for individual glaciers are difficult to distinguish due to the consistently high correlation between glaciers. Since the late 1950s, the USGS has maintained a long-term glacier mass-balance program at three North American glaciers. Access all the data here. report. The world's first radio-echo sounding measurements in temperate ice were conducted on South Cascade Glacier and subglacial water flow have been studied on this glacier, among various other studies aimed at advancing the understanding glaciers. Researchers traverse South Cascade Glacier. South Cascade Glacier has retreated dramatically since the beginning of mass balance studies (1959 photo on left). Retreating. Current data available from the South Cascade weather station (USGS 12181110) includes: Runoff from Middle Tarn basin was computed from discharge of the South Fork of the Cascade River where it empties from Middle Tarn. In 1959 scientists with the USGS began collecting mass balance data on South Cascade Glacier, one of four "benchmark glaciers" in the US. The value for δ (s) for the glacier was estimated to be 0.05 m and 0.03 for the basin on the basis of precipitation and temperature records (pl. U.S. Geological Survey A. Details of calculations and determination of rating curves can be found in USGS summaries of balance years. Area: 2015 = 1.8 km2. Drainage area is 105 mi 2. Most recent instantaneous value: 1.19 07-08-2020 12:00 PDT Add up to 2 more sites and replot for "Gage height, feet"? Flood Stage.--. Page Contact Information: Washington Water Data Support Team Summary of all available data for this site, Instantaneous-data availability statement. This aerial photo from 2013 shows how the melting and receding of the South Cascade Glacier has created South Cascade Lake (in green). Meteorological observations began in 1959 with installation of temperature and precipitation instruments at several locations in the basin. Locate this station on a map of the basin (PDF). Title graphic image: South Cascade Glacier in the Washington Cascade Mountains, in 1928, 1979, and 2000 (Images courtesy of the National Snow and Ice Data Center) Scientists track glacial change by measuring individual glaciers and comparing their size over time with records of … 5/3/2013. Fieldwork in early May reveals a snow-covered landscape as researchers climb a chute on South Cascade Glacier. The glacier spans nearly 660 m in elevation in the steep sided basin which forms the headwaters of the South Fork of the Cascade River. Other articles where South Cascade Glacier is discussed: glacier: Mass balance of mountain glaciers: …the temperate, maritime glaciers is South Cascade Glacier, in western Washington. Elevation Range: Approximately 1640-2300 meters The glacier basin is 6.142 km2 in area, and in 1992, 2.089 km2 of the basin was occupied by glacier, and another 0.4 km2 by nonglacier ice (Krimmel, 1993). Measurements began on South Cascade Glacier, WA in 1958, expanding to Gulkana and Wolverine glaciers, AK in 1966, and later Sperry Glacier, MT in 2005. Policies and Notices, U.S. Department of the Interior | Location: Latitude: 48°21'23.00"N, Longitude: 121°3'26.65"W Maritime Climate Zone B. Continental And Maritime Climate Zones C. Intermountain Climate Zone SelectABC 1. South Cascade Glacier located in a north-northwest facing valley near the crest of the Cascade Range in northwest Washington state. It is bordered on the east by 8,261-foot (2,518 m) Sentinel Peak, and is about 17 mi (27 km) north of Glacier Peak in the Glacier Peak Wilderness. ... Schematic diagram showing variations of surface height and selected . How Are The Glaciers Included In The Benchmark Glacier Research Project Different In Terms Of Their Climate Zone Locations? Add site numbers. Multiple site visits are made annually for facility maintenance, instrument repair and installation, and direct measurement of snow and ice. inventory and annual data In 1959 the USGS began a suite of continuous mass balance measurements at South Cascade Glacier, one of four benchmark glaciers in North America. The topography of the basin is steep, ranging from 1615 to 2518 m Regional variation in glacier mass balance is due to variation in geo-graphic characteristics such as aspect, elevation and location with respect to prevailing winds. Title: USGS Current Conditions for Washington No. In 2015, South Cascade glacier had an area of 1.8 km2 in the 6.14 km2 South South Cascade Lake Basin (O'Neel et al, 2019). It contains more than five times the glacier area of all the other Cascade volcanoes combined. 2, table 4, fig. These data constitute the longest continuous set of mass-balance data in North America (Josberger and others, 2007) which are used to understand glacier dynamics and hydrology, and to measure the glacier's response to climate change. Additional measurements have been made on Lemon Creek Glacier, AK to compliment data collected by the Juneau Icefield Research Program (JIRP; Pelto and others, 2013). Washington's South Cascade Glacier SelectABC 3. Other Study Locations: Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska Columbia Glacier, Alaska Hubbard Glacier, Alaska. In 2003, it was half the size it was in 1923, scientists estimate. The glacier of interest here is South Cascade Glacier located on the crest of the North Cascade Range of Washington. URL: https://waterdata.usgs.gov/wa/nwis/uv? Privacy South Cascade Lake Basin (fig. Bruce Goodson and Matt Firth traverse above the South Cascade Glacier toward White Rock Lakes, June 2000. Credit for the idea of skiing the Ptarmigan goes to Bill Nicolai. USGS 12181090 SOUTH CASCADE MIDDLE TARN NEAR MARBLEMOUNT, WA. 2 — (L to R) Kaspari and previous CWU Master of Science student Dan Pittenger, the journal article’s co-author, drill a shallow ice core on South Cascade Glacier in 2014. Dominated by a maritime climate, the glacier receives heavy annual precipitation, exceeding 4.5 m in places (PRISM Climate Group, 2006) and is heavily influenced by climate conditions in the Pacific Ocean (Walters and Meier, 1989). A new study today found a sharp rise in the melt rate of … Thus, 25-40 % of the volume of these glaciers has been lost since 1984. Page Last Modified: 2020-12-02 08:41:05 EST Cover: Photograph of South Cascade Glacier, Washington, from the north-northwest, August 24, 2005 (photograph by Willian Bidlake, U.S. Geological Survey). 1.41 1.24 caww01. South Cascade Glacier is a large alpine glacier in the North Cascades of Washington, USA. For additional information on the status of the glacier and on data relating to annual mass balance and other measurements, visit the WGMS Fluctuations of Glaciers Browser. Maps.--. It takes about 2.5 - 3 hours to drive to the nearest trailhead from Seattle. This kind of retreating is the result of climate change which has significantly increased due to … These differences are due to different interpretations of the drainage divide. benchmark glacier (South Cascade Glacier) in the lower 48 United States with ongoing measurements. Baker and N of Glacier Peak. Ski tracks connect survey points on a spring survey trip at South Cascade Glacier. South Cascade glacier, the site of one of North America's longest glacier mass balance records, has been the focus of many facets of glacier research over the years. Seasonal snow has melted, leaving this ablation stake at terminus site. This glacier is within the Skagit River drainage basin. Extensive glaciological measurements within the basin include: streamflow runoff, precipitation, air temperature, barometric pressure, snow thickness and density, ice ablation, surface speed, and surface altitude. A composite image showing South Cascade glacier in Washington state (year 2000, left, 2006, right). Methods SOUTH CASCADE GLACIER South Cascade Glacier is located at 48'21.5'N and 121'3.5'W at the crest of the North Cascade Mountain Range in Washington (Fig. Liquid precipitation is measured by means of tipping bucket rain gage at Salix and Middle Tarn gaging stations. Recording field data at a stake site. Steam drill in background is used to drill small holes for inserting ablation stakes. A researcher traverses the terminus of South Cascade Glacier to reach the lowest ablation stake. The glacier is SE of Mt. The well-studied South Cascade Glacier shrank by 22% during this time period (USGS), while the Blue Glacier in Olympic National Park saw a terminus retreat of 2% between 1957 and 1997 (Conway et al., 1999). South Cascade Glacier area change, 1970 - 2015. — The rapidly retreating South Cascade Glacier in the North Cascades, as it looked in 2014. 4). The glaciers on Mount Rainier decreased in area by 21% between 1913 and 1994 (Nylen, 2004). South Cascade Glacier for the hydrologic years ending on September 30, 1965 and 1966, and results from Gul- kana and Wolverine Glaciers for the hydrologic year 1966. The US Geological Survey (USGS) had collected some long-term glacier data, starting in 1958 with the South Cascade Glacier, about 130 kilometers northeast of Seattle, Washington. cooperators / programs below: Add up to 2 more sites and replot for "Discharge, cubic feet per second", Accessibility There was much about glaciers that the scientists wanted to account for, measure, study, and understand before the ice began to transform dramatically. The area of this basin has been previously reported as 6.02 and 6.11 km2. M. S. Pelto: Glacier annual balance measurement, prediction, forecasting 15 Fig. Preparing to collect a snow core sample using Kovacs ice drill. National Water Information System: Web Interface. There are six stakes dispersed along a center transect from the terminus to the head of the glacier where measurements of ice ablation, and snow depth and density are repeated annually. Elevation of gage is 1,245 feet above NGVD of 1929, from river profile map. 5/3/2013, Research team installs telemetry equipment at stake P1. He had done the traverse on foot and told his friend Steve Barnett it would be a perfect trip for skis. Additional measurements have been made on Lemon Creek and Taku glaciers, AK to compliment data collected by the. This data release includes seasonal and annual glacier-wide mass balance, and the input point measurements and elevation data used for these calculations. No single glacier is … South Cascade Sperry Wolverine. Direct field measurements are combined with weather data and imagery analyses to calculate the seasonal and annual mass balance of each glacier. Additional Data and Information.--Station data Seasonal mass balance has been monitored at this ablation stake site since 1957. South Cascade Glacier in Washington documented from 1928 to 2003 showing the recent rapid glacier retreating. Data. Observations by the USGS at South Cascade Glacier indicate that since the mid-1950s, South Cascade Glacier’s cumulative mass balance was -25m, mean annual balance from 1956-1975 averaged -0.15 m/a , and from 1976-2012 averaged -0.75 m/a. During the 1900–45 period, South Cascade Glacier lost mass at a rate of 1.4 m per year and the Thunder Creek glaciers (which are at a higher altitude) at 1.1 m per year. South Cascade Glacier 2013. Additional Data and Information.--. FOIA into the glacier and measuring the change in height above the glacier surface on several occasions each summer. South Cascade Glacier is a small temperate glacier located in the North Cascade Mountains of Washington. In 1959 scientists with the USGS began collecting mass balance data on South Cascade Glacier, one of four "benchmark glaciers" in the US. Measurements began on South Cascade Glacier, WA in 1958, expanding to Gulkana and Wolverine glaciers, AK in 1966, and later Sperry Glacier, MT in 2005. The glacier spans nearly 660 m in elevation in the steep sided basin which forms the headwaters of the South Fork of the Cascade River. Note Create presentation-quality / stand-alone graph. Air temperature at a constant height of 2.0 m above the glacier surface has also been collected during summer months for a portion of the period of record at South Cascade Glacier. ... Gage height, feet. 2. sonal mass balances measured at South Cascade Glacier to de-termine if changes in atmospheric circulation are a cause of the dramatic decrease in the mass balance of South Cascade Glacier. AT SOUTH CASCADE GLACIER, WASHINGTON, BALANCE YEARS 2004 AND 2005. Mount Rainier has approximately 26 glaciers. By looking at this photo it's clear to see how quickly the glaciers are retreating in the modern world. FACTS: Political unit: US; WGMS ID: 205; Latitude: 48.37°N; Longitude: 121.05°W; Height min: 1630 m a.s.l. Funding for this site is provided by the Snow density on South Cascade Glacier, at 1,844 meters altitude, May 15-16, 1995 ............................................................................................... 31 12. Alaska's Gulkana And Wolverine Glaciers SelectABC 2. The glacier has lost more than half of its mass since 1957. The annual balance records indicate the high ... South Cascade Glacier and NCGCP glaciers 14 of 14 8 of 9 Rule 2 If PDO is negative and ENSO is equilibrium or negative, mass These unheated gages do not account for precipitation in the form of snow so the record of precipitation at both sites is limited to summer catch. Status. Cross-correlation of annual balance on North Cascade glaciers 1984-2014, except for Sholes Glacier and Easton Glacier 1990-2014. At the Hut, air temperature, wind speed, and incoming solar radiation are measured about 1.5 m above the roof. Measurements began on South Cascade Glacier, WA in 1958, expanding to Gulkana and Wolverine glaciers, AK in 1966, and later Sperry Glacier, MT in 2005. At the Salix Creek and Middle Tarn gaging station air temperature is measured with thermistor-based sensors in passively ventilated radiation shields, between 3-3.5 m above the ground. 5/5/2013. Warning: Javascript must be enabled to use all the features on this page! The North Cascade Range in the vicinity of South Cascade Glacier accumulated approximately average to above average winter snow packs during 2006 and 2007. Mount Rainier, Washington, at 14,410 feet (4,393 meters), the highest peak in the Cascade Range, is a dormant volcano whose glacier ice cover exceeds that of any other mountain in the conterminous United States. 1) has an area of 6.14 km2and spans from 1,615 to 2,518 m altitude. South Cascade Glacier observed by the USGS 1985-2012, all other glaciers data from NCGCP. Table 3. 2). 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