Resources by Indigenous and Local Community Organizations Mataatua Declaration on Cultural and Intellectual Property Rights of Indigenous Peoples Date: June 1993 Notes: Code of Ethics cited in Article 1.3 for external users and Articles 2.12, 2.13 and 2.14 for museums. The United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous People, James Anaya, was invited to speak at the opening of the World Intellectual Property Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore (IGC) yesterday. Protection of indigenous peoples’ cultural heritage and intellectual property The right of indigenous peoples to protect and enjoy their cultural heritage is recognized in a That's because ICIP rights are based in customary laws which are not recognised by the legal system. Julie Hollowell-Zimmer's article on the use of the Silver Hand trademark among the Native Peoples in Alaska also discusses the possibilities and limitations of Western IPR frameworks for protecting indigenous arts. The international system for protecting the rights of intellectual property has long focused on protecting the needs of technologically advanced societies. "It's about the principle, and those principles are protocols. "The fact that people can use Indigenous words or designs without consent or consultation can be detrimental to an Indigenous community or individual.". Perhaps the most important is that legislation is not the ultimate goal or solution to the issue of indigenous intellectual property rights. In an article by Tressa Berman, Peter Seitel and Anthony McCann, the assessment of guidelines for the protection of folklore and folkloric expression points to the difficulty of protecting this unique set of expressive culture. Much of the debate arises from issues addressed by different communities, such as: - Human Rights: The resurgence of self-determination by indigenous groups, particularly their quest for territorial rights. (The impact of tourism on indigenous peoples was covered in CSQ 23:2, 1999.). Such protection might include the adoption of measures to recognize, register and protect the individual or collective authorship of indigenous peoples under national intellectual property rights regimes and should prevent the unauthorized use of scientific, literary and artistic productions of indigenous peoples by third parties. survival . Here's a full list of rights that ICIP covers according to Terri Janke and Company: Ms Cubillo says it's also based on the idea of self-determination. Subsidiary IPR goals are to manage the degree and process by which cultural knowledge is shared with outsiders and, in some instances, to be justly compensated for it. Folklore (and folkloric expression) as a kind of cultural commodity falls outside the standard in defining intellectual property. While it may be controversial to propose that each indigenous group should be allowed exclusive control and management of their own traditional communal knowledge (deciding whether to disclose it to others or allow it to be published), this sort of control is similar to corporate management of knowledge pertaining to product production (trade secrets, for example). She discusses the ICBG (International Cooperative Biodiversity Group) models of research, community development/improvement and benefitsharing with indigenous groups. Intellectual Property Rights for Indigenous Peoples: A Source Book [Greaves, Tom] on Amazon.com. Intellectual Property Rights versus Indigenous Peoples Rights and Obligations. Another possible tool for the protection of indigenous intellectual property in all forms may be the enforcement of treaties and legal precedents currently on record but largely ignored by the court system. In Geneva, she got to be a part of the Indigenous Caucus and chair it. Will the implementation of such frameworks further marginalize indigenous peoples, even within Western court systems? If even wealthy record labels have trouble protecting their music from copyright infringement, local vigilance by grassroots organizations will clearly be more effective for the protection of traditional music than the mere existence of statutes on copyright. (whether indigenous or non-indigenous) is associated with practical experience and skill The following series of articles goes beyond discussion of the inherent importance of indigenous intellectual property rights (IPR). Internationally, the United Nations (UN) and World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) hosted a conference in Geneva on cultural property without consulting Canadian Indigenous groups. - The UN Convention on Biological Diversity: The commercial use of indigenous knowledge in bioprospecting arrangements. Corn, M. Lee and D.M. When Ndebele art becomes another object to collect, or when non-Ndebele produce Ndebele forms of art, is this misappropriation? 2 Ibid. Mary Riley (in an article on traditional medicine in Laos) outlines the process of ethically-informed drug discovery. When the language used to encode a specific indigenous concept dies out, indigenous knowledge itself is lost. While this visibility is novel, the theft of Indigenous property is obviously not a recent development. Lessons from bioprospecting over the past decade are documented by Katy Moran. The recent, very public dispute over the appropriation of Indigenous voices was just one manifestation of a much larger issue: the struggle for the protection of Indigenous cultural and intellectual property, which has been going on for decades. ICIP stands for Indigenous Cultural and Intellectual Property. The intersection of the intellectual property (IP) system and the protection of Indigenous knowledge and cultural expressions is receiving increasing attention within Indigenous communities in Canada, among government policy-makers and in international trade and policy fora. Stephenson and Shammel propose that other types of law (international law, human rights law) team up with IPR law to better serve the prosecution of such cases. Ms Barba herself is studying law and has worked at ArtsLaw Australia as a national coordinator for its Artist in the Black project. David Stephenson and Wayne Shammel, also attorneys, look at the legal case of the Cow Creek against a motorcycle manufacturer using Native American symbolism that wrongly suggests a connection with American Indians. Ms Cubillo said at the heart of respecting ICIP and copyright is consultation and consent. The closest thing to community ownership is the corporate ownership of a patent. This service may include material from Agence France-Presse (AFP), APTN, Reuters, AAP, CNN and the BBC World Service which is copyright and cannot be reproduced. Kelly Bannister and Katherine Bennett consider such alternative approaches to protection of traditional knowledge. The most problematic aspect of any meaningful discussion of intellectual property rights is that the notion of IPR is, in itself, a Western concept being applied to non-Western societies. Their insights may be the best argument yet for a sui generis legal system to deal with challenges to the cultural, artistic and heritage rights of indigenous peoples. Because indigenous groups are often unprotected under systems of property ownership by individuals, IPR frameworks built on the community-based reality of indigenous groups may be the only ones that "work" for indigenous peoples. Other forms of expressive culture, such as indigenous art forms, also become commodities when taken outside of the traditional cultural context and put up for sale on the market. The Mataatua Declaration on Cultural and Intellectual Property Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Cultural Survival envisions a future that respects and honors Indigenous Peoples' inherent rights and dynamic cultures, deeply and richly interwoven in lands, languages, spiritual traditions, and artistic expression, rooted in self-determination and self-governance. Lorie Graham * Stephen McJohn ** “There is a relationship, in the laws or philosophies of indigenous peoples, between cultural property and intellectual property, and [] the protection of both is essential to the indigenous peoples’ cultural and economic . The keynote speaker chastised the United States position in the committee, criticised a US … Attribute the artist's work tastefully and with respect," she said. This is a tall order, especially when many impoverished indigenous peoples face a daily struggle to feed and support their families. Indigenous people call for adequate protection of Indigenous Cultural and Intellectual property rights to enable them to protect their culture and to share in the benefits from the use of their heritage where appropriate. While the mere presence of an outside group with money to give to some communities and not to others can be a problem, the encompassing challenge of how to give indigenous groups a more equal footing with national governments, bioprospecting groups, and mainstream interests may have some solutions. © 2020 Cultural Survival. Valuing Local Knowledge: Indigenous Peoples and Intellectual Property Rights (Island Press, Covelo, 1996). But no-one knows what'll happen if the President pardons himself, Prison escapee recaptured in Adelaide after a day on the run. Mita Manek and Robert Lettington get to the heart of the matter by describing this irreconcilable difference between Western and (for lack of a better word) non-Western outlooks on the world. (5) Intellectual Property Rights and Indigenous Peoples Rights and Obligations. ICIP is a short way of saying Australian “Indigenous Cultural and Intellectual Property”. 2. Indigenous Peoples and Intellectual Property . The Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP or DOTROIP) is a non-legally-binding resolution passed by the United Nations in 2007. Indigenous intellectual property is an umbrella legal term used in national and international forums to identify indigenous peoples' claims of collective intellectual property rights to protect specific cultural knowledge of their groups. Tourism's potential negative impact is also explored in Stephen Snow's article on the Kuna Yala of Panama. Indigenous Peoples' rights to their heritage. "We have to protect our culture when collaborating. Indeed, the right to intellectual property is embedded in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the United Nations Declaration for the Right of Indigenous People (UNDRIP). Major corporations, especially including chemical and biomedical organizations, are rapidly attempting to establish ownership of ever conceivable herb, herbal extract, food plant, plant fibre, productive procedure or Idea under the general title of "intellectual property rights". . | Donor Privacy Policy | EIN: 23-7182593, 24-4 Intellectual Property Rights: Culture as Commodity, Protecting Indigenous Intellectual Property Rights: Tools That Work, Cultural Survival E-Newsletter - News and Updates, Information on conferences, meetings and global events pertaining to Indigenous Peoples, Learn about Cultural Survival's response to Covid-19. June 1993. Successful alternative approaches to help establish and protect indigenous claims to intellectual property may prove as important as legislative or judicial solutions. The Kuna appear to be a case model for other groups to follow in protecting their cultural heritage -- at least on paper and under the law. 1 Greaves, “Tribal Rights” in Brush and Stabinsky (Eds.) (1). Ms Barba said her desert flowers represented "women's business" in a contemporary abstract rendition. - Conservation: The increasing loss of biological and cultural diversity and a deepened awareness of their interrelation. "A lot of art is found in the public domain, for example, rock art. Ms Barba knows too well the devastating effects that infringing ICIP and copyright can have on an artist. But that's hard with Indigenous people because it's ongoing," she said. Indigenous peoples' heritage is a living heritage and it includes objects, knowledge, performingworks, and literary works - all of those things created in the past, now and in the future. Snow explains that the Kuna Statute regulating tourism is, in itself, inadequate; active enforcement of the law and vigilance to ensure the protection of indigenous heritage and knowledge are essential. She explains how the Silver Hand trademark is actually used, how imitations pop up, and how market expectations -- including consumers who expect Native American arts and crafts to be cheap -- thwart sales and artisans more than would any open attempt to block the protection of their authentic arts. A full discussion of bioprospecting and Indigenous peoples is outside the scope of this paper, but see for example Josephine Axt, M.L. of intellectual property rights on indigenous peoples and biological diversity in particular has been researched extensively, followed by the examination of the tension between the Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights Agreement (TRIPs) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) which are the main international Maffi points out that the way in which people use and generate language does encode their worldview as well as indigenous concepts and knowledge that have no linguistic counterparts in other languages. Sometimes the words “Cultural Heritage” are used to mean the same thing. "Copyright protection is automatic upon creation of the work. This is a more classic case involving intellectual property, as it could be described as trademark infringement, which is easily understood within the Western IPR framework. Indigenous Issues Today is pleased to announce an upcoming roundtable discussion that will take place at the Society for Applied Anthropology's annual meeting in Memphis at the end of March. Bartholomew Dean's article on Andean traditional music and the risk of misappropriation also strikes a familiar chord in this age of the Napster court case and the widespread problem of bootleg cassette tapes and CDs. A few themes are common to these articles. 1.1.2 Indigenous people argue that they have legitimate rights to control, ac-cess and utilize in any way, including restricting others’ access to, knowledge or information that derives from unique cultural histories, expressions, prac-tices and contexts. But because folklore can also be misappropriated and treated like a commodity for commercial gain, legislative systems designed to protect it must be evaluated even though folklore is considered part of the public domain and -- unlike material culture -- is not often construed as property. Indigenous Cultural and Intellectual Property refers to the rights that Indigenous people have, and want to have, to protect their traditional arts and culture. In recognition that 1993 is the United Nations International Year for the World's Indigenous Peoples; It's about recognising rights," she said. Cultural & Intellectual Property Rights of Indigenous Peoples Whakatana, 12-18 June 1993 Aotearoa, New Zealand . Lawyers Maui Solomon and Leo Watson evaluate the utility of the Waitangi Tribunal in recognizing and asserting the rights of M...ori and Moriori peoples of New Zealand to control over their own cultural heritage, including indigenous art, symbols and designs, lands, languages, and indigenous knowledge as it pertains to plant and animal resources. "And if that goes into the public it kind of comes up for grabs. The intellectual and cultural property rights (ICPR) of indigenous peoples are under threat. All without her knowledge or consent. the South Pacific Regional Consultation on Indigenous Peoples’ Knowledge and Intellectual Property Rights (1995). Increased indigenous control over traditional knowledge and its dissemination raises new questions. There she also read out the Uluru Statement of the Heart. Cultural Survival advocates for Indigenous Peoples' rights and supports Indigenous communities’ self-determination, cultures and political resilience, since 1972. A legal framework for the protection of indigenous knowledge, however, remains elusive since most provisions for intellectual property law evolved out of a Western view of knowledge as a commodity owned by an individual, not a community.(1). "There are gaps in the law which mean that unless Indigenous people can meet the requirements of intellectual property laws like copyright, their rights are unprotected and open to exploitation," the Terri Janke and Company website states. There is no need to register a work in some official register.". In order to respect ICIP, Terri Janke and Company incorporates these ten True Tracks principles: Walking Together is taking a look at our nation's reconciliation journey, where we've been and asks the question — where do we go next? A panel of indigenous peoples speaking at the United Nations World Intellectual Property Organization on a potential treaty protecting their folklore from misappropriation asked that indigenous culture be recognised as unique, and not unduly considered as belonging to the whole of mankind. The essays included in this issue discuss which of these measures have been effective in defining, maintaining and successfully upholding in judicial court systems indigenous claims to land, resources, and intellectual property. Intellectual Property Rights for Indigenous Peoples: A … . But WIPO, UNESCO, UN and other international bodies do recognize the special situation of indigenous peoples when it comes to intellectual property rights. Valuing Local Knowledge presents case studies of programs that recognize indigenous rights, and brings direct experience to bear on the international debate over intellectual property, conservation, and indigenous rights. In a similar vein, Luisa Maffi's article on preserving native languages in Mexico is important because language is so rarely considered intellectual property. For copyright, however, it's a different story. Citing UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) requirements for bioprospectors, Moran suggests that enforcement at all levels of government and inclusion of all participants can make bioprospecting a rewarding process. Adrienne Hoard demonstrates the chasm between art as commodity (to outsiders) and art within its cultural context (to the Ndebele people of South Africa). Too often, criticisms of bioprospecting come from those never involved in the process and unaware of the tools that can work. Wakka Wakka and Yuin artist Bibi Barba says copyright law doesn't protect ICIP. Cultural intellectual property is a right that Indigenous people have to protect their traditional art and culture but it can often be overlooked. All Rights Reserved. p. 4. Indigenous cultural intellectual property (ICIP) is a right that Indigenous people have to protect their traditional art and culture. They said that indigenous peoples don’t really have property rights, they just kind of roam around on the land, and so it’s okay for Europeans to go and appropriate the land and say that they have title. The development of IPR legislation is an important but often inadequate measure: alternative approaches to cultural intellectual property preservation also require evaluation. The international policy debate on the intellectual property rights of indigenous peoples has advanced from the question of whether indigenous knowledge should be protected to a consideration of how to protect it. Indigenous people are looking to intellectual property law as a means to secure these ends. The Kuna Statute on Tourism may be the beginning of a successful program to protect indigenous cultural heritage rights. Join us as we listen, learn and share stories from across the country, that unpack the truth-telling of our history and embrace the rich culture and language of Australia's First People. But there are moral rights. Her very own artwork was used to design the interior of a Polish hotel. "For them to take that and translate it into a carpet, and take it apart … I was just devastated. An ABC-wide initiative to reflect, listen and build on the shared national identity of Indigenous and non-Indigenous people. "Copyright ownership is 70 years after the death of the author. Arts Law Centre of Australia's website says copyright is "a bundle of economic rights which give [the] owner the exclusive right to do certain things in relation to the object it protects.". Article copyright Cultural Survival, Inc. Our website houses close to five decades of content and publishing. Regarding the intellectual property rights of indigenous peoples, the General Assembly recognized "..the urgent need to respect and promote the inherent rights of indigenous peoples which derive from their political, economic and social structures and from their cultures, spiritual traditions, his… The international policy debate on the intellectual property rights of indigenous peoples has advanced from the question of whether indigenous knowledge should be protected to a consideration of how to protect it. Charisma Cubillo is a Larrakia woman and solicitor at Indigenous-owned and managed law firm Terri Janke and Company. It delineates and defines the individual and collective rights of Indigenous peoples, including their ownership rights to cultural and ceremonial expression, identity, language, employment, health, education and other issues. But it also brings out an important question: who is defining what indigenous peoples "should" be? Instead, we asked authors to examine existing legal tools and the programs present in communities and nations worldwide. If giant, moneyed corporations fight one another every day over trademark and copyright infringement, how can we expect to be any less vigilant among smaller groups of already marginalized people? Her design, "flowers of the desert", were used on carpets and indoor panels throughout the hotel. 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Not being considered in legal legislation or literature, this progress is largely due to the fact that indigenous names, images, symbols or patterns of commercial products have never been so common. In 2017, the Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines entered into a joint administrative order (JAO) with the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP), the lead agency that ensures the protection of the rights of indigenous communities in the country. This sourcebook presents a collection of papers focusing on the intellectual property rights (IPR) of indigenous peoples--their rights to protect and control their cultural knowledge. ", "And that ICIP from my grandmother was tarnished.". Will others accuse indigenous peoples of having special rights under the law? Rachel Proctor's article on Shipibo curanderos cashing in on the tourism and New Age interest in ayahuasca experiences shows us a side of indigenous peoples that, at first glance, insults Western ideas of "authenticity" in a "traditional" indigenous group. Since the beginning of the 21st century, however, the legal conversation about intellectual rights has expanded to include protection for the traditional knowledge systems of indigenous people. Here's what it entails. Acknowledging the spiritual dimension of their universe and respecting the mauri or central life force of every living thing was fundamentally important to the Maori world view. Her visual storytelling uses knowledge and motifs passed down from her grandmother. Much of the debate arises from issues addressed by different communities, such as: - Human Rights: The resurgence of self-determination by indigenous groups, … She says ICIP covers many things, including: "Traditional knowledge, cultural practices, spiritual knowledge, ancestral material and languages.". Any content older than 10 years is archival and Cultural Survival does not necessarily agree with the content and word choice today. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. .” 1. [focus Aotearoa / New Zealand] “The paper will examine from a Maori perspective their notions of indigenous peoples rights and obligations and how they are fundamentally at odds with existing intellectual property … The protection of the rights of indigenous people, including their intellectual property rights, has made a great progress in the past few years. She was also invited to the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) in 2018, which is one of the 15 specialised agencies of the United Nations in Geneva. If someone copies that and distributes it, they now own that image. Entitled "Intellectual Property Rights, Technology, and Indigenous Peoples: Perspectives From and On the Public Sphere" this roundtable will bring together several leading scholars and … Something she wasn't aware of until she came across it on a google search. But there's only so much that ICIP rights can do to protect Indigenous people. At the United Nation's General Assembly's 61st session, on 13 September 2007, an overwhelming majority of members resolved to adopt the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Along with other indigenous peoples representatives, he called for more participation of indigenous peoples in the … Solomon and Watson note that the judicialization of the Waitangi Tribunal has, in some respects, made it a more Westernized legal instrument. ICIPR is a reference to indigenous peoples' rights to their heritage. What is ICIP? The assumption that IPR legislation aimed at protecting indigenous persons is necessarily empowering is challenged by the authors contributing to this issue of CSQ. Now that’s what we don’t want to do with intellectual property rights in the modern era. Ms Barba says by valuing and respecting Indigenous culture. Maybe. "But if you want to use it in a contemporary setting, you have to get permission.". Ms Cubillo says there are some challenges that come with this. 2 Adopts the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples as contained in the annex to the present resolution. 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That infringing ICIP and copyright is Consultation indigenous peoples and intellectual property rights consent to the issue of indigenous Peoples face a daily to! Words “ cultural heritage rights grandmother was tarnished. `` that ’ s what we don ’ want! Used on carpets and indoor panels throughout the hotel protect ICIP are used design... But if you want to use it in a contemporary abstract rendition frameworks further marginalize indigenous rights! Question: who is defining what indigenous Peoples rights and indigenous Peoples of having special rights under the?... And motifs passed down from her grandmother carpets and indoor panels throughout the hotel across... Artwork was used to design the interior of a Polish hotel involved in the Black project on a search. Our culture when collaborating and those principles are protocols court systems, 1999. ) the Black project are recognised. 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